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Lesson 46 教学设计方案（一）

Step 1 Lead – in
　　(Show some pictures to attract the Ss’  interests about the text.)
Step 2 Reading:

A.Ask the Ss to do some “True or False” exercises
　　1. Some birds will fly away to the south when the weather turns cold; some animals 　hibernate in the cold wather.(True)
　　2. Animals hibernate only in the earth. (False)
　　3. None of the warm-blooded animals need to hibernate because they lead an active life which keeps up their normal body temperature even in very cold weather. (True)
　　4. A hibernating animal does not breathe and cannot feel any pain. (False)
B.Questions and answers:
　　1. Why don’t some warm-blooded animals hibernate in the winter?
　　(lead an active life, keep up, normal body temperature)
　　2. Why do cold-blooded animals hibernate?
　　(When the air temperature, below freezing, body temperature, drop, cannot move about; 　almost no food in the winter)
　　3. How would you recognize that an animal is hibernating?
C.Reading comprehension:
1.The text mainly tells us that ________.
　　A .hibernation is more than sleep
　　B. warm-blooded animals will do things different from cold-blooded animals in winter
　　C. some animals live through the winter by hibernation or half-hibernation
　　D. animals use different ways to protect themselves against the cold    (key: C)
2. Why do some animals sleep under the snow?
　　A. Because they prefer the cold air in the snow.
　　B. Because the air in loose snow will help to keep the cold out.
　　C. Because they can adjust(调节)their body temperature there to fit for the cold weather.
　　D. Because they are warm-blooded animals.  (key: B)
3. Which sentence carries the main idea of the second paragraph?
　　A. Sentence 1.   B. Sentence 2.   C. Sentence 3.   D. Sentence 4.    (key: A)
4. Why can the wolf keep awake in winter?
　　A. Because it is a cold-blooded animal.
　　B Because it prefers moving by nature.
　　C. Because it can keep up its normal body temperature even in cold weather.
　　D. Because it has to go hunting as a result of lack of food for the winter.   (key: C)
5. Why do frogs go to sleep under the mud in winter?
　　A. Because they can escape from their enemies under the mud and the air there will keep the cold out.
　　B. Because the air under the mud will keep the cold out and it is comfortable there.
　　C. Because they feel comfortable there and they can get food easily.
　　D. Because they have enough to eat there .       (key: D)
6. We will know an animal is hibernating if _______
　　A. it touches cold and is breathing very slowly
　　B. it is sensitive to pain
　　C. its temperature drops to below zero centigrade
　　 D. it does not move   (key: A)
7. Why can a hibernating animal manage to live through the winter?
　　A. Because it hardly makes any movement and breathes very slowly and it has enough fat stored in its body.
　　B. Because it has already stored supplies of fat in its body.
　　C. Because it will not use energy while sleeping since they never make any movement then.
　　D. Because it doesn’t breathe at all.    (key: A)
8.Why does the bear stop hibernating on warm winter days?
　　A. Because the warmth makes it think the winter has gone.
　　B. Because it has to eat some food for the next long sleep.
　　C. Because it feels cold and wants to warm itself up on warm winter days.
　　D. Because it is going to hunt something on warm winter days.    (key: A)
9. Why does a squirrel hide nuts before the beginning of winter?
　　A. Because it will eat a lot in winter to keep warm.
　　B. Because it is hard to find food in winter.
　　C. Because it needs to eat a lot to hibernate.
　　D. Because it needs nuts to fight against its enemies.    (key: B)
10. We human beings are able to keep the cold out because ________
　　A. we are warm-blooded
　　B. we are clever enough to build houses and to wear clothes
　　C. we are cold-blooded, and we do not need to hibernate
　　D. for human beings, hibernation will use more energy    (key: A)
Step3:language points:

本单元重点句型
　　(1)Hibernation is more than sleep.
　　(2)People who find hibernating animals asleep often think that they are dead.
　　(3)You can touch it, or even pull its tail, without causing it to move or wake up.
　　(4)Hibernating in that way, the animals can sleep all through the winter.
　　(5) The second is connected with the main use the body makes of food—to supply the energy for movements.
　　(6) We have seen that hibernating animal reduces movements to far below the ordinary 　　level.
　　(7) The animal hardly makes any movement, hardly uses any energy, and hardly needs any food.
　　(8)Some animals, including some bears, only half-hibernate.
难句解析：
　　1．They go to sleep in all kinds of places.它们到各种各样的地方去睡觉。
　　go to sleep，fall asleep与sleep，这三个词（组）都有“睡着”之意。go to sleep意思是“睡着，去睡觉”，fall asleep意思是“睡着了，酣睡”，它们都表瞬间动作，如表持续性动作或延续性状态，要用动词sleep。e.g.
　　①I found it very difficult to go to sleep．我发现很难人睡。
　　②Soon he fell asleep，for he was very tired．他很累，很快就睡着了。
　　③we have slept(for) eight hours.我们已睡了八个小时。
　　2．They lead an active life which keeps up their normal body temperature even in very cold winter weather.
　　他们生活得很活跃，即使在严寒的冬天也能保持正常的体温。
习惯用法
　　（2）keep up保持，维持，继续，e．g．
　　① Let s  hope  the  sunny weather keeps up for Saturday s tennis match.
　　但愿星期六网球比赛时还是这样的好天气。
　　②We。Are having difficulty keeping up。our。mortgage payments．我们难以继续支付分期偿还的抵押货款。
　　③If you want to be a performer，you 11 have to keep up your piano．如果你真想成为演奏家，就得坚持练习钢琴．
　　3.Then it as no choice but to lie down and sleep．于是，别无选择，它们只好躺下睡觉。
　　have no choice but to do表“别无选择”之意。e．g．
　　Have I any  choice but to do as you tell me？  除了按你吩咐的去做外，我还有别的选择吗？
表示“别无选择只好做……”之意，除了可用   have no choice but to do…来表达外，还可用下列固定搭配：
　　（l）can do nothing but do／can not do anything but do，e．g．
　　 I can do nothing but accept his demand．我只好接受他的要求。
　　（2）there is nothing left to do but do…，e．g．
　　There was nothing left for her to do but cry．她别无它法，只有哭。
　　（3）can’t but do…，e．g．
　　I could not but admit that he was right and。I was wrong．我不得不承认他对了，我错了。
疑难点拨：
　　1.Hibernation is more than sleep．冬眠不仅仅是睡眠。
　　句中的more than相当于 not only。意为“不仅仅”。e．g．
　　He is。more a teacher．He is a good friend of mine。他不只是老师，还是我的益友。
　　2．People who find hibernating animals asleep often think that they are dead.．人们看到处于冬眠状态的动物，常常以为它们死了。
　　这是一个复合句。
　　（l）who－clause是定语从句修饰people，that－clause是宾语从句作think的宾语。
　　（2）asleep是表语形容词，在句中一般只作表语，宾补，或后置定语，这样的形容词还有alive，alike，alone，awake等。
　　3．You can touch it, or even pull its tail without causing it to move  or wake up. 你可以摸它，甚至可以拉它的尾巴，这也不会使它动一动或醒过来。
　　这个句子可改写成：Even if you touch it or pull its tail，you can’t cause it move or wake up.
　　4. Hibernating in that way, the animal can sleep all through the winter.
　　用那种方式冬眠，动物可以睡过整过冬天。
　　句中的 hibernating in that way是现在分词短语在句中作状语，相当于as they hibernate in that way。
　　5．We have seen that hibernating animal reduces movements to far below the ordinary level.．
　　冬眠动物的活动量减少到远远低于一般水平。
　　(1)句中的 far below意为“远远低于，比……低得多”。e．g．
　　In winter the temperature of Harbin is far below that of Wuhan．
　　冬天哈尔滨的气温比武汉的低得多。
　　（2）句中的reduce．．to作“减少，使处于……状态”解。e．g．
　　 ① The house was reduced to ashes by the big fire.那场大火把屋子化为灰烬。
　　②The man was reduced to begging for food．那男人沦落到讨饭的地步。

Step4:Fill in blanks.

　　1. They go to sleep in all kinds of places. Red squirrels disappear inside trees, bears use caves, frogs go deep under the mud, and many other animals dig holes in the earth .A good many animals sleep under the snow. There is a lot of air in loose snow, and this helps to keep the cold out.

　　2. Hibernation is more than sleep. It is a very deep sleep.the animal’s temperature drops to just over zero centigrade, and its heart beats very slowly.People who find hibernating animals asleep often think that they are dead; the body feels very cold, and the animal may breathe only once every five minutes. A hibernating animal cannot feel any pain. You can touch it , or even pull its tail, without causing it to move or wake up.

　　3.Hibernating in that way, the animal can sleep all through the winter. You might wonder how  it manages to live withut eating for so many months . The answer lies in two facts. The first is that it has stored supplies of fat in its body during the summer and autumn. The second is conneted with the main use the body makes of food­---- to supply the energy for movement. We have seen that the hibernating animal reduces movement to far below the ordinary level. Even the movements of the heart and lungs are greatly reduced.The animal hardly makes any movement,hardly uses any energy, and hardly needs any food.

Step5:Homework:Write a summary of the test.